Intestinal flora is the ecosystem of bacteria living in the intestines. Research is beginning to show that the presence of intestinal bacteria is essential for people to live a healthy life.
If the diversity of intestinal flora is lost due to lifestyle or stress, or if the balance is too far from the general balance, it can cause various diseases.
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It is not easy to restore the gut flora to its original state once it has collapsed. In order to restore the balance of gut microbiota that have collapsed, there are growing expectations for a treatment method that involves transplanting gut microbiota from healthy people. (Scientific name: fecal microbiota transplantation, FMT)
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The earliest gut microbiota transplant is said to have been performed in China in the 4th century. In the West, research has been conducted since a 1958 report on pseudomembranous enteritis.
In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) positioned gut microbiota transplants as the treatment of first choice when multiple drugs are resistant to Clostridium difficile infection, and the effectiveness of these transplants is being medically proven. They have also shown favorable results against ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and irritable bowel syndrome, and are being studied as a treatment for other diseases.